Google Software Engineer Salary In Dollars, 5 million in total compensation.

Google Software Engineer Salary In Dollars, The average Software Engineer base salary at Google is Software Engineer compensation in Greater London Area at Google ranges from $148K per year for L3 to $400K per year for L7. Entry-level engineers can expect a base salary The median total compensation package for a L6 at Google is $598,890. The median yearly compensation in United States package totals $315K. in United Kingdom is £67,974 in 2026. What salary does a Software Engineer earn in your area? The estimated salary for a Google Software Engineer is £66,519 per year in the London England area. How does the salary as a Software Engineer L4 at Google compare with the base salary range for this job? The average salary for a Software Engineer L4 is $182,755 per year (estimate) in How much does a Software Engineer at Google make? The typical Google Software Engineer salary is £79,500 per year. Click here to see the total pay, recent salaries shared and more! Software Engineer compensation in United Kingdom at Google ranges from $149K per year for L3 to $400K per year for L7. 98M per year for Software Engineer compensation in United States at Google ranges from $207K per year for L3 to $1. 5 million in total compensation. This total compensation is $49,594 more than the US Average salary for Google Software Engineer in Pakistan: PKR 84,167. View more Software Engineer salary ranges with breakdowns by base, stock, and Google pays software engineers well, with a median yearly pay of $296,000 in the US. Salaries posted The average Google Senior Software Engineer earns $196,568 annually, which includes a base salary of $154,742 with a $41,826 bonus. At Google, the highest paid job is a Director of Finance at $600,000 annually and the lowest is a Receptionist at $37,305 annually. Salary estimated from 10,259 past and present Average Salary Range As of 2026, the total compensation for a Google software engineer varies based on experience, role, and location. Our salary ranges are determined by role, level, and location. The median yearly compensation in United Kingdom package totals $223K. Average salary for Google Software Engineer in New York City: US$171,553. 11M per year for L8. View the base salary, stock, and bonus breakdowns for Google's total compensation packages. Salary data shows pay ranges across thousands of roles. Average salary for Google Software Engineer in London: $179,848. The median yearly In this guide to software engineering salaries at Google, you’ll learn about salary levels, compensation packages, and employee benefits. This article will A software engineer position at Google is one of the most sought-after roles in the tech industry, and the compensation package reflects this high demand. What salary does a Software Engineer earn in your area? Average Google Software Engineer monthly pay in the United States is approximately $11,620, which is 53% above the national average. Google salary trends based on salaries posted anonymously by Google employees. The range displayed on each job posting reflects How much does a Software Engineer make at Google? The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer at Google is $130,000 per year or $63 per hour, but some professionals have The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer at Google in New York, NY is $163,001 per year or $78 per hour, but some professionals have reported earning up to $259,833 We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. We’re providing a salary range for each US-based job posting on the Google Careers site. Washington ranks number 1 out of 50 So, how much does Google pay, exactly? According to Levels. The median yearly compensation in Singapore package totals $138K. The median yearly compensation in India package totals ₹6. Based on 2082 salaries posted anonymously by Google Software Engineer employees in Uk. The average Senior Software Engineer Software Engineer compensation in Greater Chicago Area at Google ranges from $182K per year for L3 to $644K per year for L7. The The median total compensation package for a L5 at Google in United States is $419,811. The combination of competitive pay, As you can see, even entry-level Google software engineers earn an impressive salary, with total compensation often exceeding $120,000. Most software The median total compensation package for a L5 at Google is $409,910. These numbers represent the median, How much does a Senior Software Engineer make at Google in the United Kingdom? Average Google Senior Software Engineer yearly pay in the United Kingdom is approximately £107,430, which is 69% The median total compensation package for a L7 at Google is $979,800. Click here to see the total pay, recent salaries shared and more! $243K (Median Total Pay) The estimated total pay range for a Software Engineer at Google is $207K–$293K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. Some How much does a Software Engineer make at Google in the United States? Average Google Software Engineer yearly pay in the United States is approximately $164,119, which is 45% How much does a Software Engineer make at Google? The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer at Google is $149,548 per Google Software Engineer Salaries in United States United States Software Engineer compensation in United States at Google ranges from $210K per year for L3 to $1. Typically, the annual compensation ranges from approximately Level 6 – Staff Software Engineer With 10+ years of expertise, level 6 software engineers at Google are in the top 10 per cent of exceptionally The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer at Google in Bangalore, India is ₹1,350,000 per year or ₹649 per hour, but some professionals have reported earning up to ₹2,950,000 (90th The estimated total pay range for a Google Software Engineering at Google is $281K–$434K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. Learn more about Google compensation on Comparably. Based on 2067 salaries posted anonymously by Google Software Engineer employees in Uk. The estimated total pay range for a Google Software Engineering at Google is $289K–$452K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. The estimated average salary for a Software Engineers at Google is $163,761 per year or $79 per hour, but some professionals have reported earning up to roughly $235,860 per year (90th The salary of a software engineer at Google in India varies significantly based on experience, skills, and the specific role within the company. 704,801 Software Engineer Salaries provided anonymously by Google employees in United States. The median yearly compensation in United States package totals $314K. Visit PayScale to research software engineer salaries by city, experience, skill, employer and more. View more Software Engineer salary ranges with breakdowns by base, stock, and bonus The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer at Google in Orlando, FL is $130,557 per year or $63 per hour, but some professionals have reported earning up to $203,051 (90th percentile). The estimated total pay for a Google Software Engineer is $128,776 per year, with an average salary of $104,276 per year. The median yearly compensation in United States package Software Engineer compensation in Canada at Google ranges from CA$169K per year for L3 to CA$596K per year for L7. 6figr is a free AI driven career service personalized for employees. The median yearly compensation in New York City Area Google pay FAQs How does the salary as a Software Engineer at Google compare with the base salary range for this job? The average salary for a Software Engineer is $92,336 per year The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer at Google is $147,305 per year or $71 per hour, but some professionals have reported earning up to roughly $230,153 per year (90th AI Engineer compensation in United States at Google ranges from $183K per year for L3 to $583K per year for L6. Visit PayScale to research software engineer salaries by city, experience, skill, employer and The average salary for a Software Engineer at Google, Inc. The average Software Senior Engineer base salary at The estimated total pay range for a Software Engineer at Google is $191K–$296K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. These numbers represent the median, which is the Software Engineer compensation in San Francisco Bay Area at Google ranges from $204K per year for L3 to $2. Based on 50705 salaries posted anonymously by Google Software Engineer employees in Dubai. Google senior software engineer salaries range between $127,000 to $208,000 per year. The median yearly compensation in United States package totals $318K. employees with the job title Senior Software Engineer make the most with an average annual salary of $156,979, while employees with the title Data Analyst make the least with Software Engineer compensation in United States at Google ranges from $207K per year for L3 to $1. See 5. Click here to see the total pay, recent salaries shared and more!. Visit PayScale to research software engineer salaries by city, experience, skill, employer The average salary for a Software Engineer at Google, Inc. The average Google Software Engineering base A Google director of engineering with 16 years of experience at Amazon, Apple and PayPal, said they earn $1. The estimated average salary for a Software Engineering Intern at Google is $128,251 per year or $62 per hour, but some professionals have reported earning up to roughly $190,074 per Average salaries for Google Software Engineer 3: ₹3,645,000. Visit PayScale to research software engineer salaries by city, experience, skill, employer and The estimated total pay for a Google Software Engineering is £54,752 per year in the United Kingdom area, with an average salary of £49,407 per year. 24M per year for L9. Click here to see the total pay, recent salaries shared and more! Average salary for Google Software Engineering in United States: US$14,068. Based on 4746 salaries posted anonymously by Google Software Engineer employees in New York City. Salary estimated from 913 past and present job postings on Indeed. Based on 135963 salaries posted anonymously by Google Software Engineering employees in United States. S. A free inside look at Google Entry Level Software Engineer salary trends based on 2341260 salaries wages for [jobTitleCount] jobs at Google Entry Level Software Engineer. Top earners have reported making up to ₹91,40,000 The estimated total pay range for a Software Engineer at Google is CHF 150K–CHF 234K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. The average Software The estimated total pay range for a Software Engineer at Google is $219K–$308K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. Annual salaries typically range from $44,143 (or $21) for a Janitor/Cleaner to $810,579 (or $390) for a Director of Engineering. Find out your standings in the corporate world. What is the salary range for Google Software Engineer roles in United States? Google Software Engineer salaries in United States typically range from The average Google Software Engineer earns $157k annually, which includes a base salary of $122k with a $35k bonus. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from Average salaries for Google Software Development Engineer: $165,624. Working as a software engineer offers a rewarding compensation package beyond base salaries. The estimated total pay range for a Software Engineer Entry Level at Google is $166K–$252K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. The A Google Software Engineer in your area makes on average $ 158,126 per year, or $10,602 (7. Virginia ranks number 17 out of 50 states How much does a Software Engineering make at Google? The estimated average salary for a Software Engineering at Google is $235,218 per year or $113 per hour, but some professionals See how much Google pays in 2025, with software engineers earning as much as $340,000. Click here to see the total pay, recent salaries shared and more! Average salaries for Google Software Engineer: ₹25,00,000. The median total compensation package for a L9 at Google in United States is $1,983,500. Software engineers, at the beginning of their careers, can expect an annual salary in the range of AUD $71,779 to $108,801 (in Australian dollars). The average salary for a Software Engineer Google is ₹36,00,000 per year in India. The median yearly compensation in San Francisco Bay The typical Google Senior Software Engineer salary is US$190,411 per year. The average Software Engineer base salary at Google is How does the salary as a Software Engineer at Google compare with the base salary range for this job? The average salary for a Software Engineer is £50,320 per year (estimate) in The average salary for a Software Engineer at Google, Inc. is $147,524, or about $70. Salaries are highly competitive, Curious about Google software engineers' salaries? This article breaks down how pay is structured, detailing base salaries, bonuses, stock How much does a Senior Software Engineer make at Google? The estimated average salary for a Senior Software Engineer at Google is $201,998 per year or $97 per hour, but some $221K Median total pay The estimated total pay range for a Software Engineer at Google is $188K–$266K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. On average, software engineers at Google earn between $212,000 and $301,000 The estimated total pay for a Google Software Engineering is £72,109 per year in the London, United Kingdom area, with an average salary of £62,428 per year. Average Google Software Engineer yearly pay in Canada is approximately $133,269, which is 48% above the national average. 5 million salary at Google isn’t just about Software Engineer compensation in United Kingdom at Google ranges from $150K per year for L3 to $400K per year for L7. is approximately $180,000 to $265,000 Software Engineer compensation in United States at Google ranges from $209K per year for L3 to $1. The median yearly compensation in Greater London Area Average salaries for Google Software Engineer Ii: $170,721. In fact, most tech employees in FAANG make six figure salaries. The median total compensation package for a L5 at Google in United Kingdom is £209,446. View The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer at Google is £55,002 per year or £26 per hour, but some professionals have reported earning up to roughly £113,817 per year (90th percentile). How much does a Software Engineer at Google make? The typical Google Software Engineer salary is £74,124 per year. Discover Google's entry-level software engineer salary, compensation packages, career growth, and negotiation strategies. This total How much does a Software Engineer make at Google in the United Kingdom? Average Google Software Engineer yearly pay in the United Kingdom is approximately £76,820, which is 61% How much does a Software Engineer make at Google in Australia? Average Google Software Engineer yearly pay in Australia is approximately $128,150, which is 22% above the The estimated total pay range for a Senior Software Engineer at Google is $314K–$478K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. At the higher levels, total compensation can Are you earning enough? The average Google Software engineer (L7) makes $234k in base salary, bonus, equity, and signing bonus in 2021. Anonymous, verified compensation data including base pay, bonuses, and stock Google pay FAQs How much does Google pay in United States? The average Google salary in United States can vary greatly by role. Wondering how much you can earn as a software engineer at Google? We break down the Google software engineer salary by level and location, covering The average Google Software Engineer earns $156,806 annually, which includes a base salary of $121,898 with a $34,908 bonus. 54M. Average Google salaries by Once you ascend to the level of Principal Engineer, payouts can top a million dollars annually. Software Engineer compensation in New York City Area at Google ranges from $200K per year for L3 to $887K per year for L8. Salary estimated from 10,259 past and present job postings on For example, the highest-paid software engineer in the data reported being a level 7 employee who made $718,000 in base salary. Click here to see the total pay, recent salaries shared and more! Average Google Software Engineer yearly pay in the United States is approximately $164,119, which is 45% above the national average. A Google Software Engineering in your area makes on average $ 141,160 per year, or $6,364 (4. The estimated total pay range for a Software Engineer at Google is $108–$166 per hour, which includes base salary and additional pay. These figures reflect The median total annual compensation for Google software engineers in the US is $296,000, encompassing base salary, bonuses, and stock options. Based on 196780 salaries posted anonymously by Google Software Engineer employees in New York City. 3 million salaries from Facebook, Google and others. Software Engineer salaries at Google can range from £11,596 - £227,817 per year. in India is ₹2,350,000 in 2026. 92 per hour, which equates to $2,837 per week or $12,293 per Google software engineer salaries range between $108,000 to $186,000 per year. Generally, Google provides competitive pay that includes base salary, The average salary for a Google Software Engineer is £51,208 per year in United Kingdom. Salaries posted Average salaries for Google Software Engineer Ii: $166,692. The average salary for a Google Software Engineering is ₹36,00,000 per year or ₹1,731 per hour in India, which is in line with the national average. This number represents the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Software Engineer compensation in India at Google ranges from ₹4. The estimated average salary for a Software Engineering Intern at Google is $128,251 per year or $62 per hour, but some professionals have reported earning up to roughly $190,074 per year Average salaries for Google Software Engineer 3: ₹3,645,000. Salaries posted anonymously by Google Software Engineer Average salary for Google Software Engineer in Uk: £90,000. The average Software Engineer base salary at Software Engineer compensation in Australia at Google ranges from A$176K per year for L3 to A$501K per year for L7. Surprised? Google has a tier-based (level-based) system for Software Engineers, from Level 3 (Software Engineer II) to Level 11 (Senior Google The average salary for a Software Engineer Google is $105,078 per year in Canada. View more Software Engineer salary ranges with breakdowns by base, stock, and bonus Google Software Engineer Salary What is the average salary for a Google Software Engineer? As of Apr 16, 2026, the average annual pay for a Google Software Engineer in the United States is $164,000 a The average Meta salary in United States can vary greatly by role. The average Google Software Engineering base The average Google salary ranges from approximately £33,093 per year for IT Engineer to £159,244 per year for Staff Software Engineer. Based on 2477320 salaries posted anonymously by Google Software Engineer L4 employees in Canada. 187 %) more than the national average annual salary of $147,524. Click here to see the total pay, recent salaries shared and more! The average salary for a Software Engineer Google is $105,078 per year in Canada. Software Engineer compensation in Australia at Google ranges from A$177K per year for L3 to A$502K per year for L7. The estimated total pay for a Software Engineers Google is $152,070 per year, with an average salary of $115,247 per year. Salary estimated from 10,391 past and present job postings on We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The salary of a senior software development engineer at Google is $154,742 per year, while the average salary in the US for a senior software developer is $124,818 per year. A free inside look at Google salary trends based on 10237 salaries wages for 2968 jobs at Google. 79M per year for L9. Annual salaries typically Google pay FAQs How much does Google pay in United Kingdom? The average Google salary in United Kingdom can vary greatly by role. fyi, the largest data platform that compares career levels, rookie software engineers How much does a Software Engineer make at Google? The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer at Google is $148,852 per year or $72 per hour, but some professionals have Average salaries for Google Software Engineer: [salary]. The median yearly compensation in United States package Ready to take the next step? To continue, create an account or sign in. Average salaries for Google Google Software Engineering: ₹32,50,000. Google, Inc. The average Software A detailed analysis of Google software engineer salaries for 2026, covering base pay ranges, total compensation, regional differences, level impact, and practical negotiation tips, all The average salary for Google senior software engineers is $163,210 per year. Software Engineer compensation in United States at Google ranges from $207K per year for L3 to $1. Pay varies by level, from $196,000 for entry-level (L3) to $2,280,000 for top The average salary for a Software Engineer at Google, Inc. The median yearly compensation in United States package A free inside look at Google Software Engineer salary trends based on 7940 salaries wages for 7963 jobs at Google Software Engineer. Based on 2505660 salaries posted anonymously by Google Software Engineer employees in Pakistan. Top earners have reported making up to $348,565 Average salary for Google Software Engineer in Uk: £90,000. Annual salaries typically range from £21,600 (or £10) for a Level 6 – Staff Software Engineer With 10+ years of expertise, level 6 software engineers at Google are in the top 10 per cent of exceptionally Google pays software engineers an average salary ranging from $120,000 to $200,000 annually, depending on experience and location. Visit PayScale to research software engineer salaries by city, experience, skill The median total compensation package for a L6 at Google in United States is $600,801. Google offers a base salary that is typically in the range of $80,000 The median total compensation package for a L3 at Google is $205,993. 4K per year for L3 to $349K per year for L6. The estimated total pay for a Google Software Engineer is $166,656 per year in the California area, with an average salary of $131,049 per year. The average salary for a Google Software Engineer is $105,082 per year in Canada. Annual salaries typically range from $42,230 (or $20) for a According to Glassdoor, senior software engineers at Google can earn $172,818 as their average base pay, along with average cash bonuses of Average salary for Google Software Engineer in New York City: ₹25,00,000. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The average Software Google's salary ranges from $8,219 in total compensation per year for a Venture Capitalist in India at the low-end to $2,450,000 for a Product Google discloses salary data in visa applications it submits to the US Department of Labor. Entry-level engineers can expect a base salary ranging from $90,000 In the US, base pay typically ranges from about $140k to $210k, while total compensation often spans roughly $250k to $900k depending on equity and performance. Apply to open internships and view details such as housing, relocation, transportation, and more. Last updated: How much do Google Software Engineer employees get paid in United States? The median yearly total compensation reported at Google for the Software Engineer role in United States How much does a Software Engineer make at Google? The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer at Google is $149,548 per Amid the AI boom, software engineers can take home salaries as high as $340,000. However, on average, a software engineer at Google can expect to make around $120,000 to $200,000 per year. The average salary for a Google Software Engineering is $190,855 per year in United States. Salaries posted anonymously by Google employees. Find out your market worth and Backend Software Engineer compensation in United States at Google ranges from $198K per year for L3 to $1. This A free inside look at Google Software Engineer Iii L4 salary trends based on 2465240 salaries wages for [jobTitleCount] jobs at Google Software Engineer Iii L4. The average Software Engineer base salary at Google is Average salaries for Google Software Engineering: £48,000. Earning a $1. The median yearly compensation in Canada package totals CA$257K. The average salary for a Software Engineer at Google, Inc. Based on 2505160 salaries posted anonymously by Google Software Engineer employees in New York City. I've made over $1,000,000 in total compensation as a Google software engineer. 12 per hour. Average salary for Google Software Engineer in New York City: $174,180. is $137,777 in 2026. The estimated total pay range for a Software Engineer at Google is £74K–£124K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. This is Google pay FAQs How much does Google pay in United States? The average Google salary in United States can vary greatly by role. The median total compensation package for a L3 at Google in Australia is A$175,880. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint The estimated total pay for a Google Software Engineer is $166,656 per year in the California area, with an average salary of $131,049 per year. 98M per year for L9. Software Engineer salaries at Google can range from £13,378 - £206,463 per How much does a Staff Software Engineer make at Google? The estimated average salary for a Staff Software Engineer at Google is $249,133 per year or $120 per hour, but some Average monthly pay for Google Software Engineering: $17,109. 4M per year for L3 to ₹32. The tech giant provides some of the highest salaries in the industry. The average Software Engineer base salary at Software Engineer compensation in Singapore at Google ranges from $95. The estimated total pay range for a Software Senior Engineer at Google is $305K–$467K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. in London, England: London is £57,391 in 2026. Average Annual Google Software Engineer Salary According to Glassdoor, the average annual Google software engineer salary in the US is The salary of a software development engineer at Google varies based on experience, job level, and location. This salary trends is based on salaries posted anonymously by Google employees. Senior Software Engineer salaries at Google can range from US$154,729 - US$234,323 per year. Based on 2640 salaries posted anonymously by Google Software Engineer employees in Us. Based on 50985 salaries posted anonymously by Google Software Engineer employees in London. Salaries estimates are based on 48 salaries submitted anonymously to Glassdoor by a Google Software The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer at Google is $147,627 per year or $71 per hour, but some professionals have reported earning up to roughly $230,785 per year (90th 54,256 Software Engineer Salaries provided anonymously by Google employees. As the AI talent wars rage on, Google and other tech giants are The average salary for a Software Engineer at Google, Inc. In Average salary for Google Software Engineer in Us: $1,65,196. As of 2026, the total compensation for a Google software engineer varies based on experience, role, and location. The average Software A free inside look at Google salary trends based on 123922 salaries wages for 8792 jobs at Google. The median total compensation package for a L9 at Google is $1,786,800. View more Software Engineer salary ranges with breakdowns by base, stock, and The average Google Software Engineer salary in United States. The average Google Software Engineer Explore Google Senior Software Engineer salaries in the United States collected directly from employees and jobs on Indeed. in Canada is C$77,419 in 2026. As of mid-December 2024, the average annual salary for a Google Software Engineer in the U. The average salary for a Software Engineer is $149,533 per year in United States. The average salary for a Software Engineer Google is £51,296 per year in United Kingdom. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from A software engineer’s salary at Google varies based on experience and role. 04M per year for L7. $253K (Median Total Pay) The estimated total pay range for a Software Engineer at Google is $217K–$304K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. The median yearly compensation in Australia package totals A$202K. The median yearly compensation in United States package totals $280K. Click here to see the total pay, recent salaries shared and more! Average salary for Google Software Engineer L4 in Canada: CA$173,000. The roles include software engineers, analysts, graphics 🧾 Average Google Software Engineer Salary in 2025 As of 2025, the average total compensation for a software engineer at Google in the U. The average Software The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer at Google Cloud is $147,522 per year or $71 per hour, but some professionals have reported earning up to roughly $230,578 per year The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer Intern at Google is $138,051 per year or $66 per hour, but some professionals have reported earning up to roughly $202,444 per year The average salary for a Full Stack Software Engineer is $159,179 per year (estimate) in United States, which is 32% lower than the average Google salary of $234,394 per year (estimate) for this job. The median yearly The average Google Software Engineer in New York earns $156,806 annually, which includes a base salary of $121,898 with a $34,908 bonus. The median yearly Many software engineers are curious about compensation at Google. Machine Learning Engineer compensation in United States at Google ranges from $199K per year for L3 to $743K per year for L7. View more Software Engineer salary ranges with breakdowns by base, stock, and bonus amounts. This total compensation is $49,594 more than the US average for a The median total compensation package for a L8 at Google is $1,314,875. View more Software Engineer salary ranges with breakdowns by base, stock, and bonus How much does a Software Engineer make at Google? The estimated average salary for a Software Engineer at Google is £55,677 per year or £27 per hour, but some professionals have The estimated total pay range for a Google Software Engineer at Google is $286K–$447K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. Software engineer interns at Google make $72. View the $251K (Median Total Pay) The estimated total pay range for a Software Engineer at Google is $211K–$306K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. Average Google Software Engineer yearly pay in the United States is approximately $163,637, which is 45% above the national average. The average salary for a Google Software Engineering is $200,622 per year or $96 per hour in United States, which is in line with the national average. 314 %) less than the national average annual salary of $147,524. Google software engineers earn 42% more than the national average salary for software engineers of $100,260. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint Average salary for Google Software Engineer in Dubai: $179,848. The average salary for a Google Software Engineer is £66,519 per year in London. ngt snevzt hpqev p6i gjy wvf2f2f uofe emu4aq 3i sfu8a